January 2025

BUYER AND SELLER ACTIVITY HIGHER THAN 2023 DESPITE AFFORDABILITY HEADWINDS

Buyers overcame triple punch of higher rates, rising prices and tight inventory for slight gain on the year

Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota (January 28, 2025) – Home sales increased in 2024, according to new annual reports issued by Minnesota Realtors® (MNR), Minneapolis Area REALTORS® (MAR) and the St. Paul Area Association of REALTORS® (SPAAR). It’s been a challenging few years for aspiring home buyers. Hindered by a thorny trifecta of rising prices, higher mortgage rates and a shortage of homes, it’s no secret today’s home buyers are feeling the squeeze. That’s what makes an increase in sales stand out given the impediments. Despite the headwinds, buyers were persistent and hopeful for future refinancing opportunities. Home sales rose 1.1% statewide and 1.8% in the Twin Cities metro, both compared to 2023. But that slight gain was off of a low baseline. While it’s impossible to say with certainty, 2023 could be the bottom for sales this cycle.

Seller activity also rose, as sellers had an easier time moving up than first-time buyers had moving in. Despite activity gains, sellers still felt the “lock-in” effect in that they were reluctant to relinquish their favorable mortgage rates and trade up for a higher rate on a pricier home. Diplomas, diamonds, diapers, divorce and death are common reasons sellers simply couldn’t wait any longer. New listings were up 6.4% statewide and 8.2% in the metro. Most sellers are also buyers, but second time or move-up buyers had the luxury of bringing the equity from their last property. Speaking of luxury, sales of homes priced over $1M in the metro rose 12.3% to their highest level on record—roughly four times the 2005 level. Luxury buyers aren’t rate-sensitive like first-time buyers, and so the luxury segment has continued to outperform despite the higher rate environment. Sales under $300,000 fell 8.5%. About 17.5% of metro sales were purchased in cash and not financed––the highest level since 2013. And that figure is about double for homes over $1M.

There were some key differences between market segments. For example, in the Twin Cities:

Sales under $300K were down 8.5% while sales over $1M rose 12.3%
Single family sales rose 3.7% but condo sales fell 7.1% and townhome sales declined 2.4%
Previously owned sales were up 1.9% however new construction sales decreased 0.4%
Two-bedroom home sales fell 3.6% while four or more bedroom home sales rose 5.6%
Non-waterfront sales rose 2.0% and private waterfront sales rose 4.1%
Sales were down 3.4% in Minneapolis and declined 0.3% in St. Paul

Prices also rose but so did market times. The median sales price was up 3.9% to $345,000 statewide and rose 3.3% to $380,000 in the metro. Mortgage rates are too high for prices to rise significantly, but supply is too tight for prices to fall. There’s less activity overall but the balance between buyer and seller activity (i.e. supply and demand) remains tight. Since 2020, home prices are up 25.5% statewide and 24.6% for the metro. Days on market rose 10.5% to 42 days statewide and increased 12.5% to 45 days in the metro. Although sellers needed to exercise more patience, due to three consecutive years of longer market times, homes continued to sell as quickly—or even faster—than in 2019 across both the state and metro areas. “Sellers did have to be more patient, but not overly so, as they were still in a relatively favorable position. Buyers who wrote strong, clean offers right out of the gate tended to be successful,” said Jennifer Livingston, President of SPAAR.

Inventory levels were technically lower as of year-end but were actually higher than 2023 for much of the year. The number of homes for sale statewide fell 0.3% to 11,476 and fell 3.4% to 6,712 for the metro. Even with the inventory increases in 2022 and 2023, there are still fewer homes for sale now than in 2019 for both the state and metro. “Motivated buyers did see more choices during much of the year, but were more cautious and selective during their search,” said Patti Jo Fitzpatrick, President of MNR. “Believe it or not, some sellers still received multiple offers on attractive and well-priced listings,” she added. In order to achieve a balanced market where neither side has the upper hand, we’d need to more than double our inventory of homes for sale. Finishing the year with just 2.1 months of supply statewide and 1.8 months in the metro—both down from 2023 but back up to 2018 and 2019 levels—highlights the ongoing supply shortage despite declines in demand. A balanced market should have around five to six months of supply. That leads to historically average price growth, market times and negotiations, instead of sellers holding the reigns as they have lately.

Sellers received 97.9% of their list price statewide and 98.7% in the metro, both down slightly from last year. In this slightly less competitive market, sellers were willing to accept a bit less of their asking price. Higher rates have meant less activity lately, but the supply shortage meant sellers still received appealing offers in a reasonable time frame. In the Twin Cities, single family home sellers accepted offers at 99.0% of their list price while condo sellers accepted 96.1% of their list price. Three-bedroom homes between 1,500 and 2,000 square feet tended to perform the best here. Homes under $500,000 fetched 98.8% of their asking price while the figure was 96.7% for homes over $1M.

Housing affordability has certainly suffered recently. In some ways, payments matter more than prices to home buyers. And that monthly mortgage payment has risen by about $1,000 per month since 2020. Although prices have been up about 25.0% since then, monthly payments rose roughly 72.0% over the same period. Assuming 10% down, the typical payment on the median priced home in Minnesota rose from $1,450 in 2020 to $2,500 in 2024. Even downsizers purchasing a less expensive home could easily see higher payments. That has stretched budgets and partly reflects rising prices but is mostly driven by higher mortgage rates. According to Freddie Mac, the average 30-year mortgage rate in 2024 was 6.7%, down a hair from 6.8% in 2023. But the range was more like 6.1% to 7.1% throughout the year and monthly sales activity echoed that, suggesting buyers are still quite rate sensitive. “Buyers not only saw rates vary throughout the year but also noticed that inventory growth as well,” said Frank D’Angelo, President of MAR. “If rates continue to cool down toward the low sixes or even high fives, I think that would really get buyers off the bench. But we still don’t have enough homes for sale.” Even a 6.0% rate would be a welcome reprieve for frustrated buyers. Though inflation has cooled notably, the Federal Reserve has signaled a slower pace for rate cuts.

“Real estate is cyclical and can change quickly. Patience, persistence, and creativity around terms and financing options as well as managing expectations are keys to a successful transaction,” said Patti Jo Fitzpatrick, MNR President. “There is a lot of pent-up demand to list and buy that’s been held back. If rates come down too quickly, that could lead to another overheated market where multiple offers are the norm and buyers are taking on more risk. Whatever the case, it’s critical to work with a Realtor® to navigate today’s complex market.”

In the near term, rates matter. But in the long term, it’s really the economy and labor market that determine the health and sustainability of the housing market. Attracting and maintaining enough stable, well-paying jobs is essential to sustaining the monthly payments on, upkeep of and demand for residential property. We’re pretty fortunate here in Minnesota. Our incomes, homeownership rates, educational attainment, Fortune 500 companies, life expectancy, voter turnout and bicycle ridership are above average while our home prices and unemployment rate are below average. At about 4.0% per the Bureau of Labor Statistics, wage growth in Minnesota is currently outpacing inflation (CPI up 2.7%) and keeping up with home prices (up 3.9%). Even so, dedicating a larger share of a household budget toward housing also means less discretionary spending elsewhere in the economy, which is a crucial contributor to economic and job growth. Housing affects the economy and the economy affects housing. There are growing challenges around taxes, regulation and rising insurance costs. Affordable childcare, the racial homeownership gap, rural broadband and an ongoing labor shortage are also prickly obstacles. Despite these challenges, Minnesota is well positioned for continued success moving forward.

2024 by the Numbers | Compared to 2023

2024 Charted | Comparing the last three years
All information is according to the Minnesota, Minneapolis and St. Paul REALTOR® associations and based on data from NorthstarMLS. We serve agents across the state and Twin Cities metro area as well as western Wisconsin. For other year-end residential real estate information and for stand-alone December 2024 data, please visit www.mnrealtor.com, www.mplsrealtor.com and www.spaar.com.